[47], In September 2007, Lovelock and Chris Rapley proposed the construction of ocean pumps to pump water up from below the thermocline to "fertilize algae in the surface waters and encourage them to bloom". Some modern sources, such as James Mellaart, Marija Gimbutas, and Barbara Walker, claim that Gaia as Mother Earth is a later form of a pre-Indo-European Great Mother, venerated in Neolithic times. We thought we knew 20 years ago. [20], With the help of Gaia's advice,[21] Zeus defeated the Titans. He suggests that we may already be beyond the tipping point of terrestrial climate resilience into a permanently hot state. James Lovelock was born in Letchworth Garden City to Tom Arthur Lovelock (1873–1957) and his second wife Nellie Annie Elizabeth née March (1887–1980). Hy is veral bekend daarvoor dat hy die Gaia-hipotese voorgestel en gepropageer het, waarin hy sê dat die aarde as 'n soort superorganisme funksioneer. Il est spécialiste des sciences de l'atmosphère. I have a feeling that climate change may be an issue as severe as a war. [11] His student status enabled temporary deferment of military service during the Second World War, but he registered as a conscientious objector. The ancient sanctuary of Zeus Olympios the Athenians say was built by Deukalion (Deucalion), and they cite as evidence that Deukalion lived at Athens a grave which is not far from the present temple. Any woman who may chance not to speak the truth is immediately punished as a result of this test. Dass James Lovelock das unablässig agierende, sich selbst erhaltende System nach der griechischen Göttin der Erde „Gaia“ nannte, war, was sein Ansehen in der Wissenschaft anging, eher schädlich. The greens use guilt. Beliefs regarding Gaia vary, ranging from the belief that Gaia is the Earth to the belief that she is the spiritual embodiment of the earth or the goddess of the Earth.[47]. [26][27][28] Other epithets were Calligeneia,[29] Eurusternos,[30] and Pandôros.[31]. The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning: Enjoy It While You Can. In a March 2010 interview with The Guardian newspaper, he said that democracy might have to be "put on hold" to prevent climate change. Next to the grove is a sanctuary of Demeter; she and her daughter [Persephone] are standing, but the image of Ge (Earth) is seated. 2 Kouretes were born from rainwater (Uranus fertilizing Gaia), This article is about the primordial Greek goddess. [70] It may be necessary to put democracy on hold for a while. [23] According to the mythographer Apollodorus, Gaia and Tartarus were the parents of Echidna.[24]. Ipoteza Gaia, cunoscută și sub numele de teoria Gaia sau principiul Gaia, afirmă că organismele interacționează cu împrejurimile lor anorganice de pe Pământ pentru a forma o auto-reglare, un sistem complex care contribuie la menținerea condițiilor de viață de pe planetă. Given these conditions, Lovelock expects human civilization will be hard-pressed to survive. For the theory of the Earth as an organism, see, (Aristoph. Dateiverwendung Die folgende Seite verwendet diese Datei: File:James Lovelock in 2005.jpg cropped 78 % horizontally, 58 % vertically, rotated -5° using CropTool with precise mode. Will it not poison the whole biosphere and persist for millions of years?" James Ephraim Lovelock, CH, CBE, FRS (* 26. Epigr. Some are related consistently, some are mentioned only in minor variants of myths, and others are related in variants that are considered to reflect a confusion of the subject or association. Rachel Carson; Hipótese de Medeia; Mãe Terra; Ambientalismo; Richard Dawkins; Permacultura; Autopoiese; Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 01h31min de 5 de dezembro de 2019. Pausanias wrote: Many and different are the stories told about Delphi, and even more so about the oracle of Apollo. The collection also has two photographic portraits by Nick Sinclair (1993) and Paul Tozer (1994). He has written several environmental science books based upon the Gaia hypothesis since the late 1970s. s. v.; Phot. [14][11][69] He fell in love with his second wife, Sandy, at the age of 73. Az elmélet későbbi finomításai olyan újabb tudományterületeket alapoztak meg, mint a biogeokémia, a rendszerökológia és a geofiziológia. "[71], In March 2012, the National Portrait Gallery[72] unveiled a new portrait of Lovelock by British artist Michael Gaskell (2011). However, the experiment did provide the first useful data on the ubiquitous presence of CFCs in the atmosphere. [12] Hesiod goes on to say that Gaia brought forth her equal Uranus (Heaven, Sky) to "cover her on every side". [54][55][56] Commenting on the proposal, Corinne Le Quéré, a University of East Anglia researcher, said "It doesn’t make sense. Lovelock definió Gaia como: una ciudad compleja que implica a la biosfera, atmósfera, océanos y tierra; constituyendo en su totalidad un sistema cibernético o retroalimentado que busca un entorno físico y químico óptimo para la vida en el planeta. And Cronus used the sickle to castrate his father Uranus as he approached his mother, Gaia, to have sex with her. [43] He continued: Even the best democracies agree that when a major war approaches, democracy must be put on hold for the time being. ", "James Lovelock at 100: A voice we ignore, but at our peril", "Nuclear power is the only green solution", "Why Gaia is wreaking revenge on our abuse of the environment", Listen to an oral history interview with James Lovelock, History of Modern Biomedicine Research Group, Dr. Lovelock Lectures on The Vanishing Face of Gaia, Audio: James Lovelock in conversation on the BBC World Service discussion show, Reflections on meeting James Lovelock and a recent interview with him, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James_Lovelock&oldid=997460413, Alumni of the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Commanders of the Order of the British Empire, Members of the Order of the Companions of Honour, Pages containing links to subscription-only content, Pages containing London Gazette template with parameter supp set to y, National Portrait Gallery (London) person ID same as Wikidata, Wikipedia articles with CINII identifiers, Wikipedia articles with PLWABN identifiers, Wikipedia articles with SUDOC identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Rockefeller Travelling Fellowship in Medicine, Arne Naess Chair in Global Justice and the Environment (2007), This page was last edited on 31 December 2020, at 16:36. You never know the truth. London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, American Chemical Society Award in Chromatography, Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Environmental Sciences, Commander of the Order of the British Empire, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, Association of Environmentalists For Nuclear Energy, "The Vanishing Face of Gaia: A Final Warning by James Lovelock and He Knew He Was Right: The Irrepressible Life of James Lovelock and Gaia by John and Mary Gribbin", Travels with an Electron Capture Detector, "Library and Archive Catalogue EC/1974/16: Lovelock, James Ephraim", "James Lovelock: The UK should be going mad for fracking", "BBC Radio 4 – The Life Scientific, James Lovelock", "Reconstructed histories of the annual mean atmospheric mole fractions for the halocarbons CFC-11 CFC-12, CFC-113, and carbon tetrachloride", "James Lovelock: 'Any Further Interference Is Likely to Be Disastrous, The Earth is about to catch a morbid fever that may last as long as 100,000 years, "James Lovelock: Humans are too stupid to prevent climate change", "James Lovelock letter on wind turbines Broadbury Ridge", "Novacene by James Lovelock review – a big welcome for the AI takeover", "Ocean pipes could help the Earth to cure itself", Scientists propose 'plumbing' method to solve crisis of global warming, James Lovelock's plan to pump ocean water to stop climate change, Pipes hung in the sea could help planet to 'heal itself', "How sea tubes could slow climate change", "The last green taboo: engineering the planet", "Geo-engineering might cause, not cure, problems", http://www.jameslovelock.org/degrees-awards-and-prizes/, https://www.gtc.ox.ac.uk/about/fellows/james-lovelock/, https://www.exeter.ac.uk/honorarygraduates/previous/, https://www.kent.ac.uk/governance/honorary-degrees/Past%20Honorary%20Degrees%20-%20February%202020.pdf, https://www.cu.edu/regents/honorary-degrees-university-medals-and-distinguished-service-awards-1951-2000, https://www.mba.ac.uk/blog/occasion-100th-birthday-james-lovelock, "Lovelock, Prof. James Ephraim, (born 26 July 1919), independent scientist, since 1964; Senior Research Fellow, Green Templeton College (formerly Green College), Oxford, since 2012 (Hon. While the hypothesis was readily accepted by many in the environmentalist community, it has not been widely accepted within the scientific community as a whole. Die Erde sei ein intelligentes System, das es zu schützen gelte. In 2004 he caused a media sensation when he broke with many fellow environmentalists by pronouncing that "only nuclear power can now halt global warming". . [46] On the other hand, if instead life becomes entirely electronic, "so be it: we played our part and newer, younger actors are already appearing on stage". [44], In Athens, there was a statue of Gaia on the Acropolis depicting her beseeching Zeus for rain[45] as well as an image of her close to the court of the Areopagos in Athens, alongside the statues of Plouton and Hermes, "by which sacrifice those who have received an acquittal on the Areopagos".[46]. Other organs were shown to be susceptible to damage. Ihre Geschwister sind Tartaros, Eros, Erebos und Nyx. James Lovelock hat Generationen mit seiner Gaia-Hypothese begeistert. [60] Lovelock was appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) for services to the study of the Science and Atmosphere in the 1990 New Year Honours and a Member of the Order of the Companions of Honour (CH) for services to Global Environment Science in the 2003 New Year Honours. as Rhea or Gaia; the title was later applied in Greek texts to Artemis. [15], According to Hesiod, Gaia conceived further offspring with her son, Uranus, first the giant one-eyed Cyclopes: Brontes ("Thunder"), Steropes ("Lightning"), and Arges ("Bright");[16] then the Hecatonchires: Cottus, Briareos, and Gyges, each with a hundred arms and fifty heads. This is true of the land around Chernobyl, the bomb test sites of the Pacific, and areas near the United States' Savannah River nuclear weapons plant of the Second World War. James Ephraim Lovelock, CH, CBE, FRS, Ph.D (n. 26 iulie 1919, Letchworth, Hertfordshire) este un savant independent, ecologist și futurolog care locuiește în Devon, Anglia.El este cel mai bine cunoscut pentru ipoteza Gaia, care postulează că biosfera este o entitate cu o auto-reglare, un sistem complex care contribuie la menținerea condițiilor de viață de pe planetă. Tom Arthur Lovelock, GRO Register of Deaths: MAR 1957 5b 206 BROMLEY. James Lovelock in 2005 James Ephraim Lovelock (Letchworth, 26 juli 1919) is een voormalig onafhankelijk wetenschapper, auteur, onderzoeker en milieubeschermer. The test applied is drinking bull's blood. Zeus hid Elara, one of his lovers, from Hera by stowing her under the earth. It was thus said: "That word spoken from tree-clad mother Gaia's (Earth's) navel-stone [Delphoi]. [35], In a follow up interview Lovelock stated his support for natural gas; he now favors fracking as a low-polluting alternative to coal. [31][32] Named after the Greek goddess Gaia at the suggestion of novelist William Golding,[28] the hypothesis postulates that the biosphere has a regulatory effect on the Earth's environment that acts to sustain life. 1ª Edição, Brasil, Editora Cultrix, 2006, 192 pág., ISBN 85-316-0946-1. Similarly the warming of the oceans is extending the oceanic thermocline layer of tropical oceans into the Arctic and Antarctic waters, preventing the rise of oceanic nutrients into the surface waters and eliminating the algal blooms of phytoplankton on which oceanic food chains depend. Statements from 2012 portray Lovelock as continuing his concern over global warming while at the same time criticizing extremism and suggesting alternatives to oil, coal and the green solutions he does not support. A lifelong inventor, Lovelock has created and developed many scientific instruments, some of which were designed for NASA in its planetary exploration program. Giants: Enceladus, Coeus, Astraeus, Pelorus, Pallas, Emphytus, Rhoecus, Agrius, Ephialtes, Eurytus, Themoises, Theodamas, Otus, Polyboetes, and Iapetus. In it the poet states that the oracle belonged to Poseidon and Earth in common; that Earth gave her oracles herself, but Poseidon used Pyrcon as his mouthpiece in giving responses. Veřejnosti je znám zejména jako autor a popularizátor teorie Gaia, jako silný zastánce jaderné energetiky i jako autorita v oblasti výzkumu globálního oteplování. In the mid-1950s, Lovelock experimented with the cryopreservation of rodents, determining that hamsters could be frozen with 60% of the water in the brain crystallized into ice with no adverse effects recorded. The damage caused to the ozone layer by the photolysis of CFCs was later discovered by Sherwood Rowland and Mario Molina. This suggests the biosphere is a self-regulating system.. After the development of an instrument in the late 1960s, Lovelock was the first to detect the widespread presence of CFCs in the atmosphere. [44], In the MSNBC article Lovelock is quoted as proclaiming:[35]. After hearing a lecture on the subject of Lovelock's results,[29] they embarked on research that resulted in the first published paper that suggested a link between stratospheric CFCs and ozone depletion in 1974 (for which Sherwood and Molina later shared the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Paul Crutzen).[30]. [17] As each of the Cyclopes and Hecatonchires were born, Uranus hid them in a secret place within Gaia, causing her great pain. It was while working as a consultant for NASA that Lovelock developed the Gaia hypothesis, for which he is most widely known. He invented the electron capture detector, and using it, became t Aside from her temples, Gaia had altars as well as sacred spaces in the sanctuaries of other gods. In The Revenge of Gaia[40] (2006), where he puts forward the concept of sustainable retreat, Lovelock writes: A television interviewer once asked me, "But what about nuclear waste? Život. In ancient times, Gaia was mainly worshiped alongside Demeter and as a part of the cult of Demeter and does not seem to have had a separate cult. To Lovelock, the stark contrast between the Martian atmosphere and chemically dynamic mixture of the Earth's biosphere was strongly indicative of the absence of life on Mars. [13] Gaia also bore the Ourea (Mountains), and Pontus (Sea), "without sweet union of love" (i.e., with no father).[14]. In Athenian vase painting she was shown as a matronly woman only half risen from the earth, often in the act of handing the baby Erichthonius, a future king of Athens, to Athena to foster). He also claims to have invented the microwave oven [5]. Lovelock argued that Daisyworld, although a parable, illustrates how conventional natural selection operating on individual organisms can still produce planetary-scale homeostasis. [39] Although these interventions in the public debate on nuclear power are recent, his views on it are longstanding. Viu ara dins lo comtat de Cornoalha, en Grand Bretanha. James Ephraim Lovelock, CH CBE FRS is an English independent scientist, environmentalist and futurist. He also mentioned how he had a claim for inventing the microwave oven. In early 1961, Lovelock was engaged by NASA to develop sensitive instruments for the analysis of extraterrestrial atmospheres and planetary surfaces. "[34] Depending on the source, Gaia passed her powers on to Poseidon, Apollo, or Themis. There is extant among the Greeks an hexameter poem, the name of which is Eumolpia, and it is assigned to Musaeus, son of Antiophemus. He has invented a family of ionisation detectors for gas chromatography. [20][28] He found the gas in each of the 50 air samples that he collected but, not realising that the breakdown of CFCs in the stratosphere would release chlorine that posed a threat to the ozone layer, concluded that the level of CFCs constituted "no conceivable hazard". [19] He found a concentration of 60 parts per trillion of CFC-11 over Ireland and, in a partially self-funded research expedition in 1972, went on to measure the concentration of CFC-11 from the northern hemisphere to the Antarctic aboard the research vessel RRS Shackleton. Sie liegt im Pershing County und ist dessen County Seat. Zijn grootste bekendheid ontleent hij aan het bedenken en uitdragen van de Gaia-hypothese, waarin hij stelt dat de Aarde functioneert als een soort superorganisme. Gaia - Cura para um Planeta Doente. [4], The Greek name Γαῖα (Gaĩa)[5] is a mostly epic, collateral form of Attic Γῆ (Gê),[6] and Doric Γᾶ (Gã, perhaps identical to Δᾶ Dã),[7] both meaning "Earth". Maga a Gaia elmélete a görögöktől ered. In 1988 he made an extended appearance on the Channel 4 television programme After Dark, alongside Heathcote Williams and Petra Kelly, among others. Mit 97 Jahren sieht er aber plötzlich vieles anders. Geografie. There is absolutely no evidence that climate engineering options work or even go in the right direction. [44], He criticizes environmentalists for treating global warming like a religion.[44]. Er wurde in die New- Age-Ecke abgeschoben. Biografia Primièrs pas scientifics: Mart e la Tèrra. I find it sad, but all too human, that there are vast bureaucracies concerned about nuclear waste, huge organisations devoted to decommissioning power stations, but nothing comparable to deal with that truly malign waste, carbon dioxide. Es especialista de las sciéncias de l'atmosfèra. [N.B. Teorie Gaii, nebo též Hypotéza Gaia (nebo také Gaea), [zdroj?] Referências Ver também. Allen Lane. This page was last edited on 12 January 2021, at 22:48. Gaia is believed by some sources[33] to be the original deity behind the Oracle at Delphi. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. We could lose everything that way.". It is said that he gave to Poseidon Calaureia, that lies off Troezen, in exchange for his oracle. More commonly held to be child of Phorcys and Ceto, More commonly held to be child of Gaia alone. His chromatographic work has led to investigation of blood lipids in various animals, including arteriosclerotic humans. In early 1961, Lovelock was engaged by NASA to develop sensitive instruments for the analysis of extraterrestrial atmospheres and planetary surfaces. [24], Lovelock has been awarded a number of prestigious prizes including the Tswett Medal (1975), the American Chemical Society Award in Chromatography (1980), the World Meteorological Organization Norbert Gerbier–MUMM Award (1988), the Dr A.H. Heineken Prize for Environmental Sciences (1990) and the Royal Geographical Society Discovery Lifetime award (2001). He invented the instrument for the purpose of heating up frozen hamsters in a way that caused less suffering to the animals, as opposed to the traditional way which involved putting red hot spoons on the animals' chest to heat them up. Il vit actuellement dans le comté de Cornouailles, en Grande-Bretagne. You iterate towards the truth. Some modern mythographers, including Karl Kerenyi, Carl A. P. Ruck, and Danny Staples, interpret the goddesses Demeter the "mother," Persephone the "daughter", and Hecate the "crone," as aspects of a former great goddess identified by some[who?] Heeren. Nellie Anne E. Lovelock, DoB = 18 Dec 1887, GRO Register of Marriages: JUN 1915 1a 1046 FULHAM. [28] He has since stated that he meant "no conceivable toxic hazard". La Terra (Gaia) vista dall' Apollo 17, dicembre 1972 L' ipotesi Gaia è un' ipotesi formulata per la prima volta dallo scienziato inglese James Lovelock nel 1979 in "Gaia. [36] Hera punished Apollo for this by sending him to King Admetus as a shepherd for nine years. Our prokaryotic forebears evolved on a planet-sized lump of fallout from a star-sized nuclear explosion, a supernova that synthesised the elements that go to make our planet and ourselves.[28]. His methods were influential in the theories of cryonics (the cryopreservation of humans). . The word is of uncertain origin. Életrajz. –) független brit tudós, szerző, kutató, környezetvédő, akit legfőképpen a Gaia-elmélet modern kori megalkotása miatt ismernek. Unie à Ouranos, le dieu du Ciel, elle engendra les six Titans et les six Titanides, puis les Cyclopes et enfin les Hécatonchires (les monstres aux cent bras). )[35], In his 2009 book, The Vanishing Face of Gaia,[36] he rejects scientific models that disagree with the findings that sea levels are rising and Arctic ice is melting faster than the models predict. [61][62], Lovelock married Helen Hyslop in 1942, and they had four children and lived together until 1989 when Helen died of multiple sclerosis. James Ephraim Lovelock, né le 26 juillet 1919 à Letchworth Garden City en Angleterre, est un penseur, scientifique et environnementaliste indépendant britannique. He later explained this claim in an interview with The Manchester Magazine. The woman who from time to time is priestess henceforth remains chaste and before her election must not have had intercourse with more than one man. There’s bound to have been some corruption there – I’m sure that various green movements were paid some sums on the side to help with propaganda". [49], The proposal attracted widespread media attention[50][51][52][53] and criticism. [22], According to Hyginus, Earth (Gaia), along with Heaven and Sea, were the children of Aether and Day (Hemera). [58], Lovelock thinks the time is past for sustainable development, and that we have come to a time when development is no longer sustainable. Man betrachtete ihn gerne als einen, der sich um die alte Dame, die Mutter Erde, kümmern wollte. "[43] The Temple of Zeus Olympios in Athens reportedly had an enclosure of Ge Olympia: [Within the sanctuary of Zeus Olympios in the lower town of Athens :] Within the precincts are antiquities : a bronze Zeus, a temple of Kronos (Cronus) and Rhea and an enclosure of Ge (Earth) surnamed Olympia. Gaïa est la mère de Charybde et est mariée à Ouranos. Before any geoengineering is put to work a massive amount of research is needed – research which will take 20 to 30 years". i. p. 165, ed. [16] He spent the next two decades working at London's National Institute for Medical Research. [18], By her son, Pontus, Gaia bore the sea-deities Nereus, Thaumas, Phorcys, Ceto, and Eurybia. He is best known for proposing the Gaia hypothesis, which postulates that the Earth functions as a self-regulating system.[4]. As the white and black daisies have contrary effects on the planet's overall albedo and temperature, changes in their relative populations stabilise the planet's climate and to keep temperature within an optimal range despite fluctuations in energy from the star. ; Hesych. [citation needed], Gaia was worshiped under the epithet "Anesidora", which means "giver of gifts". However, in the biological case, ecological competition between "daisy" species with different albedo values produces a homeostatic effect on global temperature. Lovelock Letchworth Garden Cityben született. Lovelock developed the Gaia Hypothesis, for which he is most widely known. He has been an outspoken member of Environmentalists for Nuclear, asserting that fossil fuel interests have been behind opposition to nuclear energy, citing the effects of carbon dioxide as being more harmful to the environment, and warning of global warming due to the greenhouse effect. as Rhea or as Gaia herself. Chthonic Gaia receives a black animal, heavenly Helios a white one.][32]. James Ephraim Lovelock (Letchworth Garden City, 1919. július 26. When Zeus was born, Rhea gave Cronus a stone wrapped in swaddling-clothes in his place, which Cronus swallowed, and Gaia took the child into her care. [42] He has been quoted in The Guardian that 80% of humans will perish by 2100 AD, and this climate change will last 100,000 years. Juli 1919 in Letchworth Garden City, England) ist ein unabhängiger britischer Wissenschaftler mit Abschlüssen in Chemie, Medizin und Biophysik. Lovelock still believes the climate to be warming although the rate of change is not as he once thought, he admitted that he had been "extrapolating too far." s. v.). If several women compete for the priesthood, lots are cast for the honor. Her statues were naturally to be found in the temples of Demeter, such as the Temple of Demeter in Achaia: "They [the Patraians of Akhaia (Achaea)] have also a grove by the sea, affording in summer weather very agreeable walks and a pleasant means generally of passing the time.